1/*
2 * Copyright (c) 2009-2013 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
3 *
4 * @APPLE_OSREFERENCE_LICENSE_HEADER_START@
5 *
6 * This file contains Original Code and/or Modifications of Original Code
7 * as defined in and that are subject to the Apple Public Source License
8 * Version 2.0 (the 'License'). You may not use this file except in
9 * compliance with the License. The rights granted to you under the License
10 * may not be used to create, or enable the creation or redistribution of,
11 * unlawful or unlicensed copies of an Apple operating system, or to
12 * circumvent, violate, or enable the circumvention or violation of, any
13 * terms of an Apple operating system software license agreement.
14 *
15 * Please obtain a copy of the License at
16 * http://www.opensource.apple.com/apsl/ and read it before using this file.
17 *
18 * The Original Code and all software distributed under the License are
19 * distributed on an 'AS IS' basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
20 * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND APPLE HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL SUCH WARRANTIES,
21 * INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
22 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, QUIET ENJOYMENT OR NON-INFRINGEMENT.
23 * Please see the License for the specific language governing rights and
24 * limitations under the License.
25 *
26 * @APPLE_OSREFERENCE_LICENSE_HEADER_END@
27 */
28
29/*-
30 * Copyright (C) 2003 WIDE Project.
31 * All rights reserved.
32 *
33 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
34 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
35 * are met:
36 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
37 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
38 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
39 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
40 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
41 * 3. Neither the name of the project nor the names of its contributors
42 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
43 * without specific prior written permission.
44 *
45 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE PROJECT AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
46 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
47 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
48 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE PROJECT OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
49 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
50 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
51 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
52 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
53 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
54 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
55 * SUCH DAMAGE.
56 */
57
58/*-
59 * Copyright 1998 Niels Provos <provos@citi.umich.edu>
60 * All rights reserved.
61 *
62 * Theo de Raadt <deraadt@openbsd.org> came up with the idea of using
63 * such a mathematical system to generate more random (yet non-repeating)
64 * ids to solve the resolver/named problem. But Niels designed the
65 * actual system based on the constraints.
66 *
67 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
68 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
69 * are met:
70 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
71 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
72 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
73 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
74 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
75 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
76 * must display the following acknowledgement:
77 * This product includes software developed by Niels Provos.
78 * 4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
79 * derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
80 *
81 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
82 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
83 * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
84 * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
85 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
86 * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
87 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
88 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
89 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
90 * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
91 */
92
93#include <sys/cdefs.h>
94
95/*
96 * seed = random (bits - 1) bit
97 * n = prime, g0 = generator to n,
98 * j = random so that gcd(j,n-1) == 1
99 * g = g0^j mod n will be a generator again.
100 *
101 * X[0] = random seed.
102 * X[n] = a*X[n-1]+b mod m is a Linear Congruential Generator
103 * with a = 7^(even random) mod m,
104 * b = random with gcd(b,m) == 1
105 * m = constant and a maximal period of m-1.
106 *
107 * The transaction id is determined by:
108 * id[n] = seed xor (g^X[n] mod n)
109 *
110 * Effectivly the id is restricted to the lower (bits - 1) bits, thus
111 * yielding two different cycles by toggling the msb on and off.
112 * This avoids reuse issues caused by reseeding.
113 */
114
115#include <sys/types.h>
116#include <sys/socket.h>
117#include <sys/param.h>
118#include <sys/time.h>
119#include <sys/kernel.h>
120#include <sys/random.h>
121#include <sys/protosw.h>
122#include <libkern/libkern.h>
123#include <dev/random/randomdev.h>
124
125#include <net/if.h>
126#include <net/route.h>
127#include <netinet/in.h>
128#include <netinet/ip6.h>
129#include <netinet6/ip6_var.h>
130
131struct randomtab {
132 const int ru_bits; /* resulting bits */
133 const long ru_out; /* Time after wich will be reseeded */
134 const u_int32_t ru_max; /* Uniq cycle, avoid blackjack prediction */
135 const u_int32_t ru_gen; /* Starting generator */
136 const u_int32_t ru_n; /* ru_n: prime, ru_n - 1: product of pfacts[] */
137 const u_int32_t ru_agen; /* determine ru_a as ru_agen^(2*rand) */
138 const u_int32_t ru_m; /* ru_m = 2^x*3^y */
139 const u_int32_t pfacts[4]; /* factors of ru_n */
140
141 u_int32_t ru_counter;
142 u_int32_t ru_msb;
143
144 u_int32_t ru_x;
145 u_int32_t ru_seed, ru_seed2;
146 u_int32_t ru_a, ru_b;
147 u_int32_t ru_g;
148 long ru_reseed;
149};
150
151static struct randomtab randomtab_32 = {
152 32, /* resulting bits */
153 180, /* Time after wich will be reseeded */
154 1000000000, /* Uniq cycle, avoid blackjack prediction */
155 2, /* Starting generator */
156 2147483629, /* RU_N-1 = 2^2*3^2*59652323 */
157 7, /* determine ru_a as RU_AGEN^(2*rand) */
158 1836660096, /* RU_M = 2^7*3^15 - don't change */
159 { 2, 3, 59652323, 0 }, /* factors of ru_n */
160 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
161};
162
163static struct randomtab randomtab_20 = {
164 20, /* resulting bits */
165 180, /* Time after wich will be reseeded */
166 200000, /* Uniq cycle, avoid blackjack prediction */
167 2, /* Starting generator */
168 524269, /* RU_N-1 = 2^2*3^2*14563 */
169 7, /* determine ru_a as RU_AGEN^(2*rand) */
170 279936, /* RU_M = 2^7*3^7 - don't change */
171 { 2, 3, 14563, 0 }, /* factors of ru_n */
172 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
173};
174
175static u_int32_t pmod(u_int32_t, u_int32_t, u_int32_t);
176static void initid(struct randomtab *);
177static u_int32_t randomid(struct randomtab *);
178
179/*
180 * Do a fast modular exponation, returned value will be in the range
181 * of 0 - (mod-1)
182 */
183static u_int32_t
184pmod(u_int32_t gen, u_int32_t expo, u_int32_t mod)
185{
186 u_int64_t s, t, u;
187
188 s = 1;
189 t = gen;
190 u = expo;
191
192 while (u) {
193 if (u & 1)
194 s = (s * t) % mod;
195 u >>= 1;
196 t = (t * t) % mod;
197 }
198 return (s);
199}
200
201/*
202 * Initalizes the seed and chooses a suitable generator. Also toggles
203 * the msb flag. The msb flag is used to generate two distinct
204 * cycles of random numbers and thus avoiding reuse of ids.
205 *
206 * This function is called from id_randomid() when needed, an
207 * application does not have to worry about it.
208 */
209static void
210initid(struct randomtab *p)
211{
212 time_t curtime = (time_t)net_uptime();
213 u_int32_t j, i;
214 int noprime = 1;
215
216 p->ru_x = RandomULong() % p->ru_m;
217
218 /* (bits - 1) bits of random seed */
219 p->ru_seed = RandomULong() & (~0U >> (32 - p->ru_bits + 1));
220 p->ru_seed2 = RandomULong() & (~0U >> (32 - p->ru_bits + 1));
221
222 /* Determine the LCG we use */
223 p->ru_b = (RandomULong() & (~0U >> (32 - p->ru_bits))) | 1;
224 p->ru_a = pmod(p->ru_agen,
225 (RandomULong() & (~0U >> (32 - p->ru_bits))) & (~1U), p->ru_m);
226 while (p->ru_b % 3 == 0)
227 p->ru_b += 2;
228
229 j = RandomULong() % p->ru_n;
230
231 /*
232 * Do a fast gcd(j, RU_N - 1), so we can find a j with
233 * gcd(j, RU_N - 1) == 1, giving a new generator for
234 * RU_GEN^j mod RU_N
235 */
236 while (noprime) {
237 for (i = 0; p->pfacts[i] > 0; i++)
238 if (j % p->pfacts[i] == 0)
239 break;
240
241 if (p->pfacts[i] == 0)
242 noprime = 0;
243 else
244 j = (j + 1) % p->ru_n;
245 }
246
247 p->ru_g = pmod(p->ru_gen, j, p->ru_n);
248 p->ru_counter = 0;
249
250 p->ru_reseed = curtime + p->ru_out;
251 p->ru_msb = p->ru_msb ? 0 : (1U << (p->ru_bits - 1));
252}
253
254static u_int32_t
255randomid(struct randomtab *p)
256{
257 time_t curtime = (time_t)net_uptime();
258 int i, n;
259 u_int32_t tmp;
260
261 if (p->ru_counter >= p->ru_max || curtime > p->ru_reseed)
262 initid(p);
263
264 tmp = RandomULong();
265
266 /* Skip a random number of ids */
267 n = tmp & 0x3; tmp = tmp >> 2;
268 if (p->ru_counter + n >= p->ru_max)
269 initid(p);
270
271 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++) {
272 /* Linear Congruential Generator */
273 p->ru_x = ((u_int64_t)p->ru_a * p->ru_x + p->ru_b) % p->ru_m;
274 }
275
276 p->ru_counter += i;
277
278 return ((p->ru_seed ^ pmod(p->ru_g, p->ru_seed2 ^ p->ru_x, p->ru_n)) |
279 p->ru_msb);
280}
281
282u_int32_t
283ip6_randomid(void)
284{
285
286 return (randomid(&randomtab_32));
287}
288
289u_int32_t
290ip6_randomflowlabel(void)
291{
292
293 return (randomid(&randomtab_20) & 0xfffff);
294}
295